CAPUCINE – NASTURTIUM
CAPUCINE – NASTURTIUM
Latin name: Tropaeolum majus
Botanical family: Tropaeolaceae
English: Nasturtium, Garden nasturtium
Hungarian: Sarkantyúka
Botanical description
Garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is an annual herbaceous plant known for its round ornamental leaves and bright flowers ranging from yellow to deep orange and red. The plant grows either as a creeping or climbing vine and may reach between 20 and 300 cm depending on the variety and growing conditions.
The leaves are almost perfectly circular with a central petiole attachment, giving them a characteristic shield-like appearance. They are soft, smooth and slightly waxy. The flowers are large, asymmetrical and composed of five petals with a characteristic spur at the back containing nectar. The fruits develop as small segmented capsules that contain several seeds.
Nasturtium thrives in well-drained soils and sunny locations but can also tolerate partial shade. It originates from South America, especially Peru and Bolivia, and was introduced to Europe in the sixteenth century where it quickly became both an ornamental and medicinal plant.
Origin of the name
The genus name Tropaeolum comes from the Latin word tropaeum, meaning trophy. Early botanists believed the leaves resembled shields and the flowers resembled helmets placed on victory trophies. The common name “nasturtium” refers to the plant’s peppery taste, similar to watercress.
Historical and traditional uses
Since its introduction into Europe, nasturtium has been widely used both as a decorative plant and as a medicinal herb. In traditional herbal medicine it was valued for its stimulating, antimicrobial and respiratory-supporting properties.
The leaves and flowers have long been used in culinary traditions because of their slightly spicy flavor. They are often added to salads, sauces and herbal butters. The immature seeds are sometimes pickled and used as a substitute for capers.
Parts used
Leaves, flowers and seeds are commonly used. The aerial parts of the plant contain most of the active compounds.
Chemical composition
Nasturtium contains glucosinolates typical of plants in the mustard group. When the plant tissues are crushed these compounds release sulfur-containing substances with antimicrobial activity. The plant also contains vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids and mineral salts.
Properties
Garden nasturtium is known for its antimicrobial, expectorant and stimulating properties. It is traditionally used to support the respiratory system and to help the body resist certain bacterial infections. The plant also has mild diuretic and depurative effects.
Preparations and use
Fresh leaves and flowers may be eaten raw in salads or used to decorate dishes. An infusion of the aerial parts may be consumed to support respiratory health and general vitality.
Externally, crushed fresh leaves may be applied to minor skin infections or irritations because of their antimicrobial activity.
Precautions
Large quantities may irritate sensitive digestive systems due to the presence of mustard oils. The plant should be used cautiously in individuals with stomach irritation or ulcers.